גדילן מצוי - Silybum marianum

מקורות

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11. Velussi M, Cernigoi AM, De Monte A et al. Long-term (12 months) treatment with an anti-oxidant drug (silymarin) is effective on hyperinsulinemia, exogenous insulin need and malondialdehyde levels in cirrhotic diabetic patients. J Hepatol 1997;26:871-87.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9126802/
12. Huseini HF, Larijani B, Heshmat R, et al. The efficacy of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (silymarin) in the treatment of type II diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Phytother. Res.,20:1036-1039, 2006.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17072885/
13. Soto, CP, Perez BL, Favari LP, Reyes JL. Prevention of alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in the rat by silymarin. Comp Biochem Physiol C.Pharmacol Toxicol. Endocrinol. 1998;119₍₂₎:125-129.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9669080/
14. Soto C, Recoba R, Barron H, et al. Silymarin increases antioxidant enzymes in alloxan-induced diabetes in rat pancreas. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2003;136:205-212.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14659454/
15. Soto C, Mena R, Luna J et al. Silymarin induces recovery of pancreatic function after alloxan damage in rats. Life Sci 2004;75:2167-2180.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15325843/
16. Rajnarayana K, Reddy MS, Vidyasagar J, Krishna DR. Study on the influence of silymarin pretreatment on metabolism and disposition of metronidazole. Arzneimittelforschung 2004;54:109-113.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15038460/
17. Chon SK, Kim NS. Evaluation of silymarin in the treatment on asymptomatic Giardiainfections in dogs. Parasitol Res 2005;97:445-451.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16151741/
18. Bokemeyer C, Fels LM, Dunn T, et al. Silibinin protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity without compromising cisplatin or ifosfamide anti-tumour activity. Br J Cancer 1996;74₍₁₂₎:2036-2041.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8980410/
19. Gaedeke J, Fels LM, Bokemeyer C, et al. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity and protection by silibinin. Nephrol.Dial.Transplant. 1996;11₍₁₎:55-62.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8649653/
20. Scambia G, De Vincenzo R, Ranelletti FO, et al. Antiproliferative effect of silybin on gynaecological malignancies: synergism with cisplatin and doxorubicin. Eur J Cancer 1996;32A:877-882.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9081370/
21. Giacomelli S, Gallo D, Apollonio P, et al. Silybin and its bioavailable phospholipid complex (IdB 1016) potentiate in vitro and in vivo the activity of cisplatin. Life Sci 2002;70:1447-1459.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11883719/
22. Dhanalakshmi S, Agarwal P, Glode LM, Agarwal R. Silibinin sensitizes human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells to cisplatin- and carboplatin-induced growth inhibition and apoptotic death. Int J Cancer 2003;106:699-705.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12866029/
23. Chlopcikova S, Psotova J, Miketova P, Simanek V. Chemoprotective effect of plant phenolics against anthracycline-induced toxicity on rat cardiomyocytes. Part I. Silymarin and its flavonolignans. Phytother Res 2004;18:107-110.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15022159/
24. Psotova J, Chlopcikova S, Grambal F, et al. Influence of silymarin and its flavonolignans on doxorubicin-iron induced lipid peroxidation in rat heart microsomes and mitochondria in comparison with quercetin. Phytother Res 2002;16 Suppl 1:S63-67.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11933142/
25. Tyagi AK, Singh RP, Agarwal C, et al. Silibinin strongly synergizes human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells to doxorubicin-induced growth inhibition, G2-M arrest, and apoptosis. Clin Cancer Res 2002;8:3512-3519.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12429642/
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33. Kittur S, Wilasrusmee S, Pedersen WA, et al. Neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on neurons in culture. J Mol Neurosci. 2002 Jun;18₍₃₎:265-9.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12059045/
34. Raina K, Rajamanickam S, Singh RP, et al. Stage-specific inhibitory effects and associated mechanisms of silibinin on tumor progression and metastasis in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model. Cancer Res 8-15-2008;68₍₁₆₎:6822-6830.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18701508/
35. Mokhtari MJ, Motamed N, and Shokrgozar MA. Evaluation of silibinin on the viability, migration and adhesion of the human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3) cell line. Cell Biol Int 2008;32₍₈₎:888-892.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18538589/
36. Magliulo E, Gagliardi B, Fiori GP. Results of a double blind study on the effect of silymarin in the treatment of acute viral hepatitis, carried out at two medical centres. Med Klin 1978; 73:1060-5.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/353464/
37. Bode JC, Schmidt U, Durr HK. Silymarin for the treatment of acute viral hepatitis? Report of a controlled trial. Med Klin 1977; 72₍₁₂₎: 513–518.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/840125/
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39. Buzzelli G, Moscarella S, Giusti A, et al. A pilot study on the liver protective effect of silybin- phosphatidylcholine complex (IdB1016) in chronic active hepatitis. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1993; 31:456-60.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8225695/
40. Marcelli R, Bizzoni P, Conte D, et al. Randomized controlled study of the efficacy and tolerability of a short course of IdB 1016 in the treatment of chronic persistent hepatitis. Eur Bull Drug Res 1992;1₍₃₎:131-135.
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42. Feher J, Deak G, Muzes G, et al. Liver-protective action of silymarin therapy in chronic alcoholic liver diseases. Orv Hetil 1989; 130:2723-7.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2574842/
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44. Salmi HA, Sarna S. Effect of silymarin on chemical, functional, and morphological alterations of the liver: A double-blind controlled study. Scand J Gastroenterol 1982;17:517-521.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6753109/
45. Ferenci P, Dragosics B, Dittrich H, et al. Randomized controlled trial of silymarin treatment in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Journal of Hepatology 1989; 9:105-113.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2671116/
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47. Trinchet JC, Coste T, Levy VG, et al. Treatment of alcoholic hepatitis with silymarin. A double-blind comparative study in 116 patients. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1989; 13:120-4.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2707520/
48. Muriel P, Mourelle M. Prevention by silymarin of membrane alterations in acute CCL4 liver damage. J Appl Toxicol 1990; 10:275-279.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1975258/
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53. Nassuato G, Iemmolo RM, Strazzabosco M, et al. Effect of Silibinin on biliary lipid composition. Experimental and clinical study. J Hepatol. 1991 May;12₍₃₎:290-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1940257/
54. Schriewer H, Rauen HM. The effect of silybin dihemisuccinate on cholesterol biosynthesis in rat liver homogenates (author's transl). Arzneimittelforschung. 1977;27₍₉₎:1691-1694.  https://europepmc.org/article/med/579140
55. Skottova N, Krecman V. Silymarin as a potential hypocholesterolaemic drug. Physiol Res 1998; 47:1-7.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9708694/
56. Wallace S, Vaughn K, Stewart BW, et al. Milk thistle extracts inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and subsequent scavenger receptor-dependent monocyte adhesion. J Agric Food Chem 6-11-2008;56₍₁₁₎:3966-3972.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18476698/
57. Somogyi A, Ecsedi GG, Blázovics A, et al. Short term treatment of type II hyperlipoproteinaemia with silymarin. Acta Med Hung. 1989;46₍₄₎:289-95. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2699920/
58. Velussi M, Cernigoi AM, Viezzoli L, et al. Silymarin reduces hyperinsulinemia, malondialdehyde levels, and daily insulin needs in cirrhotic diabetic patients. Current Therapeutic Research 1993; 53:533-545.  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X05806605
59. Rastegar H, Ahmadi Ashtiani H, Anjarani S, et al. The role of milk thistle extract in breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7) apoptosis with doxorubicin. Acta Med Iran. 2013;51:591-598.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24338188/
60. Sadava D, Kane SE. Silibinin reverses drug resistance in human small-cell lung carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett. 2013;339:102-106.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23879966/
61. Gufford BT, Barr JT, González-Pérez V, et al. Quantitative prediction and clinical evaluation of an unexplored herb-drug interaction mechanism in healthy volunteers. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2015 Dec;4₍₁₂₎:701-10.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26904384/
62. Yang Z, Zhuang L, Lu Y, et al. Effects and tolerance of silymarin (milk thistle) in chronic hepatitis C virus infection patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:941085.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25247194/
63. Gufford BT, Chen G, Vergara AG, et al. Milk Thistle Constituents Inhibit Raloxifene Intestinal Glucuronidation: A Potential Clinically Relevant Natural Product-Drug Interaction. Drug Metab Dispos. 2015 Sep;43₍₉₎:1353-9.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26070840/
64. Rastegarpanah M, et al. A randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial of silymarin in ulcerative colitis. Chin J Integr Med. 2015 Dec;21₍₁₂₎:902-6.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22528757/
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66. Fuhr U, Beckmann-Knopp S, Jetter A, et al. The effect of silymarin on oral nifedipine pharmacokinetics. Planta Med. 2007, 73₍₁₄₎, 1429-1435.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17968815/
67. Van Erp NP, Baker SD, et al. Effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan. Clin. Cancer Res., 2005, 11₍₂₁₎, 7800-7806.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16278402/
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69. Deng JW, Shon JH, Shin HJ, et al. Effect of silymarin supplement on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin. Pharm Res. 2008, 25₍₈₎, 1807- 1814.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18236139/
70. Gurley BJ, Swain A, Hubbard MA, et al. Clinical assessment of CYP2D6-mediated herb-drug interactions in humans: effects of milk thistle, black cohosh, goldenseal, kava kava, St. John's wort, and Echinacea. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2008, 52₍₇₎755-763.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18214849/
71. Rao BN, Srinivas M, Kumar YS, Rao YM. Effect of silymarin on the oral bioavailability of ranitidine in healthy human volunteers. Drug Metabol. Drug Interact. 2007, 22_(2-3), 175-185.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17708067/
72. Gurley B, Hubbard MA, Williams DK, et al. Assessing the clinical significance of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome P450 3A activity: comparison of a milk thistle and black cohosh product to rifampin and clarithromycin. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2006, 46₍₂₎201-213.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16432272/
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74. Han Y, Guo D, Chen Y, et al. Effect of silymarin on the pharmacokinetics of losartan and its active metabolite E-3174 in healthy Chinese volunteers. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2009, 65₍₆₎, 585-591.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19221727/
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80. Budzinski JW, Trudeau VL, Drouin CE, et al. Modulation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in Caco-2 cell monolayers by selected commercial-source milk thistle and goldenseal products. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007 Sep; 85₍₉₎:966-78.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18066144/
81. Etheridge AS, Black SR, Patel PR, et al. An in vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450 inhibition and P-glycoprotein interaction with goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, grape seed, milk thistle, and ginseng extracts and their constituents. Planta Med. 2007 Jul; 73₍₈₎:731-41.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17611934/
82. Venkataramanan R, Ramachandran V, Komoroski BJ, et al. Milk thistle, a herbal supplement, decreases the activity of CYP3A4 and uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase in human hepatocyte cultures. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Nov; 28₍₁₁₎:1270-3.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11038151/
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84. Veprikova Z, Zachariasova M, Dzuman Z, et al. Mycotoxins in Plant-Based Dietary Supplements: Hidden Health Risk for Consumers. J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Jul 29;63₍₂₉₎:6633-43.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26168136/
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87. Brantley SJ, Graf TN, Oberlies NH, Paine MF. A systematic approach to evaluate herb-drug interaction mechanisms: investigation of milk thistle extracts and eight isolated constituents as CYP3A inhibitors. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Sep;41₍₉₎:1662-70.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23801821/
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89. Liao S, Jin X, Li J, Zhang T, et al. Effects of Silymarin, Glycyrrhizin, and Oxymatrine on the Pharmacokinetics of Ribavirin and Its Major Metabolite in Rats. Phytother Res. 2016 Apr;30₍₄₎:618-26.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26800424/
90. Cufí S, Bonavia R, Vazquez-Martin A, et al. Silibinin meglumine, a water-soluble form of milk thistle silymarin, is an orally active anti-cancer agent that impedes the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Oct;60:360-8.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23916468/
91. Giorgi VS, Peracoli MT, Peracoli JC, et al. Silibinin modulates the NF-κb pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by mononuclear cells from preeclamptic women. J Reprod Immunol. 2012 Sep;95_(1-2):67-72.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22871551/
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96. Wei F, Liu SK, Liu XY, Li ZJ, Li B, Zhou YL, Zhang HY, Li YW. Meta-analysis: silymarin and its combination therapy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013 May;32₍₅₎:657-69.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23247631/
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