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פשטה שרועה - Bacopa monnieri

עודכן בתאריך 14/12/2025

Bacopa - Brahmi


משפחה בוטנית: לועניתיים –Scrophulariaceae

חלק הצמח | איכויות | רכיבים פעילים | פעילות רפואית | התוויות | מינונים | רגישות | תופעות לוואי | מינון יתר | אזהרות | התוויות נגד | רעילות | אינטראקציות | הריון | הנקה | מקורות

 

פשטה שרועה נמצא בשימוש נרחב ברפואה ההודית (איור-וודה) זה כ-3000 שנים.

משמעות שמו בסנסקריט ("Brahmi") הוא: "מרחיב את התודעה".

פשטה שרועה הינו צמח רב-שנתי ומוצאו בהודו, אינדונזיה, סרי לנקה ואיי מאוריציוס.

כיום הוא גדל גם בישראל, אך נדיר למצוא אותו, עקב הרס נופי המים בארץ.

פשטה שרועה נחשב לצמח עדין ובטוח לשימוש, גם בילדים, ולפרקי זמן ארוכים.

פשטה שרועה מותר לשיווק בישראל.

 

חלק הצמח בשימוש

נוף הצמח/ עלים.

 

איכויות

טמפרטורה: קריר.

לחות: יבשושי.

טעם: מריר.

 

רכיבים פעילים עיקריים

ספונינים טריטרפנואידים (bacosides), טריטרפנים (bacosine), פלבונואידים, סטרולים.

 

פעילות רפואית

אדפטוגן, מחזק/מזין מערכת עצבים, מרגיע, משפר תפקוד מנטלי, נוגד חרדה, נוגד פרכוסים.

 

התוויות

הפרעות קשב וריכוז, הפרעות זיכרון, חרדה, לחץ / סטרס, אפילפסיה, הפרעות שינה (אינסומניה), תשישות כרונית.

 

מינונים

תמצית נוזלית בריכוז 1:3, 45% אלכוהול – 5-20 מ"ל ביום.

תמצית יבשה תקנית בריכוז של ~50% bacosides  - מינון של 300-600 מ"ג ביום.

חליטה– 5-10 גרם ביום.

בפורמולה – 20%-40%.

 

 

רגישות
לא ידוע על רגישות מיוחדת לפשטה שרועה.
תכולת הסאפונינים בפשטה שרועה עלולה לגרות את רירית הקיבה ולגרום להחזר ושטי (רפלוקס) (1).

 

תופעות לוואי 
קיים דיווח בודד אודות חולה אפילפסיה שחווה חולשה, אובדן ריכוז וסחרחורת לאחר נטילת תמצית אתנולית במינון של 2-4 מ"ג לכל ק"ג משקל ביום (2).

 

מינון יתר
לא ידוע על מינון יתר.

 

אזהרות וצעדי מנע

עקב תכולת סאפונינים, מוטב להימנע משימוש בפשטה שרועה במטופלים הסובלים מעימדון מרה, צליאק, ספיגת שומנים לקויה ו/או חוסר של ויטמיני A, D, E, K.

 

התוויות נגד

לא ידוע על התוויות נגד(1).

 

רעילות

לא נצפתה רעילות כלשהי בשימוש בפשטה שרועה במינונים הרפואיים המקובלים.

מדד רעילות LD50: נטילה פומית של תמצית אתנולית בחולדות; 17 גרם לכל ק"ג משקל גוף(3).

 

תגובות הדדיות עם תרופות / צמחי מרפא / תוספי תזונה

חילוף חומרים תרופתי | נוגדי דִיכאון | התרופה Amitriptyline | הרגעה | השריית שינה | תרופות אנטי פסיכוטיות | אלצְהיימר | אופיאטים | נוגדות פרכוסים | תרופות כולינרגיות | הורמוני בלוטת התריס | התרופה Colchicine | תרופות אנטי שחפת | תרופות אנטיכולינרגיות | תרופות לפָרקינסון | תרופות להפרעות קצב לב | תרופות להורדת לחץ דם | תרופות להורדת שומנים בדם | מדכאי חיסון לאחר השתלות | מרחיבי סמפונות

 

תרופות למחלת הסָרטן

כימותרפיה כללי | כימותרפיה מסוג Cisplatin

 

צמחי מרפא

גִינקו בילובה

 
השפעה על חילוף חומרים תרופתי
לא קיימים מחקרים קליניים שבדקו את השפּעת הפשטה השרועה על חילוף החומרים של תרופות. 
על פי סקירה למידע השלם למנויים

 

נוגדי דִיכאון

השילוב אפשרי אך יש לנקוט זהירות. 
העדויות מתייחסות ל-Citalopram ול-Fluoxetine. 
במחקר קליני אקראי מבוקר (24) נמצא כי למידע השלם למנויים

 

התרופה Amitriptyline
אין מניעה לשלב אך יש לנקוט זהירות. 
במחקר יחיד בבעלי חיים (19) נמצא כי למידע השלם למנויים

 

תרופות להרגעה (בנזודיאזיפינים)

אין מניעה לשלב אך יש לנקוט זהירות. 
העדויות מתייחסות ל-Alprazolam ול-Diazepam. 
במחקר רטרוספקטיבי (7) דווח על למידע השלם למנויים

 

השריית שינה

יש לנקוט זהירות.

מידע מקדמי (דיווח מקרה) מזהיר מפני אפשרות אובדן זיכרון.
סקירה(7) בחנה רשומות רפואיות של 147 מקרים למידע השלם למנויים

 

תרופות אנטי פסיכוטיות

השילוב אפשרי אך יש לנקוט זהירות. 
העדויות מתייחסות ל-Olanzapine, Haloperidol, Risperidone ו-Chlorprothixene. 
במחקר למידע השלם למנויים

 

אלצְהיימר

טיפול כללי באלצְֵֵהיימר | תרופות כולינרגיות

 

טיפול כללי באלצְֵהריימר
התרופות: Tacrine, Galantaminem, Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Memantine, Ergoloid mesylate, Aducanumab, Ipidacrine, Lecanemab, Donanemab.
אין מניעה לשלב. 
על אף שלא קיימים כיום מחקרים שבדקו למידע השלם למנויים

 

תרופות כולינרגיות 
אין מניעה לשלב, אך יש לנקוט זהירות. 
התרופות: Benzatropine, Oxyphenonium, Profenamine, Procyclidine, Metixene, Ipratropium, Oxyphencyclimine, Trihexyphenidyl, Tridihexethyl, Atropine, Scopolamine, Propantheline, Dicyclomine, Tropicamide, Biperiden, Methantheline, Glycopyrronium, Cyclopentolate, Orphenadrine, Tiotropium, Isopropamide, Mepenzolate, Hexocyclium, Aclidinium, Dexetimide, Umeclidinium, Trimebutine, Homatropine, Methscopolamine, Oxitropium, Mebeverine, Piperidolate, Tropatepine, Prifinium, Etybenzatropine, Phenglutarimide, Benzilone, Difemerine, Otilonium, Mazaticol, Poldine, Bevonium, Rociverine, Bornaprine, Etanautine, Diphemanil, Tiemonium iodide, Dihexyverine, Camylofin, Penthienate, Fenpiverinium, Emetonium iodide, Timepidium, Pipenzolate.
נכון להיום, למידע השלם למנויים

 

אופיאטים 

אין מניעה לשלב, והשילוב אף עשוי להיות מומלץ. 
העדויות מתייחסות ל-Morphine. 
במחקרים למידע השלם למנויים

 

תרופות נוגדות פרכוסים 

תרופות כלליות נגד פרכוסים | התרופה Valproic Acid

 

תרופות כלליות נגד פרכוסים
אין מניעה לשלב אך יש לנקוט זהירות. 
העדויות מתייחסות ל-Phenytoin. 
בדיווח למידע השלם למנויים

 

התרופה Valproic Acid
אין מניעה לשלב.
מחקר בבעלי חיים (23) מצא כי למידע השלם למנויים

 

תרופות כולינרגיות - לטיפול בגלאוקומה, אילאוס משותק, אצירת שתן, ומיאסטניה גרביס
אין מניעה לשלב אך יש לנקוט זהירות.

השילוב של הפשטה השרועה למידע השלם למנויים

 

הורמוני בלוטת התריס
אין מניעה לשלב אך יש לנקוט זהירות.

באופן תיאורטי, הפשטה השרועה עלולה להשפיע באופן מצטבר למידע השלם למנויים

 

התרופה Colchicine
אין מניעה לשלב, והשילוב אף עשוי להיות מומלץ.

במחקרים בבעלי חיים (18,137) נמצא כי למידע השלם למנויים

 

תרופות לשחפת
אין מניעה לשלב, והשילוב אף עשוי להיות מומלץ.

על פי סקירה (20) ומחקרים למידע השלם למנויים

 

תרופות אנטיכולינרגיות
אין מניעה לשלב אך יש לנקוט זהירות.

נכון לעכשיו, לא קיימים מחקרים שבדקו את למידע השלם למנויים

 

תרופות לפָרקינסון
אין מניעה לשלב.

נכון לעכשיו, לא קיימים מחקרים שבדקו את למידע השלם למנויים

 

תרופות להפרעות קצב לב
אין מניעה לשלב אך יש לנקוט זהירות.

נכון לעכשיו, לא קיימים מחקרים שבדקו את השילוב של הפשטה למידע השלם למנויים

 

תרופות להורדת לחץ דם
אין מניעה לשלב אך יש לנקוט זהירות.

נכון לעכשיו, לא קיימים מחקרים שבדקו את השילוב של הפשטה השרועה עם תרופה זו.

עם זאת, מחקרים קליניים ופרה-קליניים הראו ממצאים בלתי למידע השלם למנויים

 

תרופות להורדת שומנים בדם
אין מניעה לשלב.

נכון לעכשיו, לא קיימים מחקרים שבדקו את השילוב של הפשטה השרועה עם תרופה זו.

עם זאת, במחקר קליני יחיד (154) שנערך בקרב נשים לאחר גיל המעבר, נמצא למידע השלם למנויים

 

מדכאי חיסון לאחר השתלות
יש לנקוט זהירות.

על פי סקירה (43) ומחקרים פרה-קליניים (159,160), הפשטה השרועה למידע השלם למנויים

 

מרחיבי סמפונות
אין מניעה לשלב.

נכון לעכשיו, לא קיימים מחקרים שבדקו את השילוב של הפשטה למידע השלם למנויים

 

תרופות למחלת הסָרטן
כימותרפיה כללי | כימותרפיה מסוג Cisplatin

 

כימותרפיה כללי
אין מניעה לשלב.

העדויות מתייחסות ל-Cisplatin.

נכון לעכשיו, לא קיימים מחקרים שבדקו את השילוב בין הפשטה השרועה למידע השלם למנויים

 

כימותרפיה מסוג Cisplatin
אין מניעה לשלב, והשילוב אף עשוי להיות מומלץ.

מספר מחקרים בבעלי חיים (45-47) הראו כי מתן משולב של למידע השלם למנויים

 

צמחי מרפא

גִינקו בילובה
השילוב אפשרי.

במחקרים קליניים (163,164) נמצא כי למידע השלם למנויים

 

הריון

מוטב להימנע משימוש בתקופה זו עקב חוסר מידע עדכני בנושא.

למרות זאת, שימוש מוגבל בנשים הרות לא הצביע על פגיעה בעוברים(1).

כמו כן, ברפואה האיור-וודית המסורתית נעשה שימוש בפשטה שרועה במהלך ההריון(13).

 

הנקה

פשטה שרועה מתאים לשימוש בהנקה(1).

 

מקורות

  1. Mills. S, Bone K, The Essential Guide to Herbal Safety. Churchill Livingstone, 2005. https://www.elsevier.com/books/the-essential-guide-to-herbal-safety/mills/978-0-443-07171-3
  2. Mukherjee GD, Dey CD. Comparative study on the anti-epileptic action of some common phyto-products. J Exp Med Sci 11:82-85, 1968. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4987504
  3. Martis G, Rao A. Neuropharmacological activity of Herpestis monniera. Fitoterapia 1992;63:399-404. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323546984
  4. Ramasamy S, Kiew LV, Chung LY. Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes by Bacopa monnieri standardized extract and constituents. Molecules. 2014 Feb 24;19(2):2588-601. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24566323
  5. Kar A, Pandit S, Mukherjee K, et al. Safety assessment of selected medicinal food plants used in Ayurveda through CYP450 enzyme inhibition study. J Sci Food Agric. 2017 Jan;97(1):333-340. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27030208
  6. Singh R, Rachumallu R, Bhateria M, et al. In vitro effects of standardized extract of Bacopa monniera and its five individual active constituents on human P-glycoprotein activity. Xenobiotica. 2015;45(8):741-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25869246
  7. Woroń J, Siwek M. Unwanted effects of psychotropic drug interactions with medicinal products and diet supplements containing plant extracts. Psychiatr Pol. 2018 Dec 29;52(6):983-996. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30659561
  8. Saraf MK, Prabhakar S, Pandhi P, Anand A. Bacopa monniera ameliorates amnesic effects of diazepam qualifying behavioral-molecular partitioning. Neuroscience. 2008 Aug 13;155(2):476-84. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18585439
  9. Thippeswamy AH, Rafiq M, Viswantha GL, et al. Evaluation of Bacopa monniera for its synergistic activity with rivastigmine in reversing aluminum-induced memory loss and learning deficit in rats. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2013 Aug;6(4):208-13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23972243
  10. Sumathy T, Subramanian S, Govindasamy S, et al. Protective role of Bacopa monniera on morphine induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Phytother. Res., 15:643-645, 2001. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11746853
  11. Sumathi T, Nayem M, Balakrishna K, et al. Alcoholic extract of 'Bacopa monniera' reduces the in vitro effects of morphine withdrawal in guinea-pig ileum. J. Ethnopharm., 82:75-81, 2002. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12241980
  12. Vohora D, Pal SN, Pillai KK. Protection from phenytoin-induced cognitive deficit by Bacopa monniera, a reputed Indian nootropic plant. J. Ethnopharm., 71:383-390, 2000. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10940574
  13. Indian therapeutics, ed 2, Delhi, 1987, Sri Satguru Publications, p 24. https://www.abebooks.com/book-search/title/indian-materia-medica/first-edition/
  14. Kar A, Panda S, Bharti S. Relative efficacy of three medicinal plant extracts in the alteration of thyroid hormone concentrations in male mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 Jul;81(2):281-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12065164/
  15. Vigneshwar R, Mekala P, Arivalagan A. Thyrogenic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) on experimental hypothyroidism in rats. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, January 2021. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348265801
  16. Bernet V, Chindris AM. The potential dangers of supplements and herbal products marketed for improved thyroid function. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2012 May;7(3):247-249. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30780838/
  17. Natural Medicines. Bacopa monnieri monograph, 2022, May 24.  http://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com
  18. Saini N, Singh D, Sandhir R. Bacopa monnieri prevents colchicine-induced dementia by anti-inflammatory action. Metab Brain Dis. 2019 Apr;34(2):505-518. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30604025/
  19. Khurshid F, Govindasamy J, Khalilullah H, et al. Effect of herb-drug interactions of Bacopa monnieri Linn. (Brahmi) formulation on the pharmacokinetics of amitriptyline in rats. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 2017, 53. e17072. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335992930
  20. Zhou Y, Wang J, Zhang D, et al. Mechanism of drug-induced liver injury and hepatoprotective effects of natural drugs. Chin Med. 2021 Dec 11;16(1):135.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34895294
  21. Evan Prince S, Udhaya LB, Sunitha PS, Arumugam G. Reparation of Isoniazid and Rifampicin Combinatorial Therapy-Induced Hepatotoxic Effects by Bacopa monnieri. Pharmacology. 2016;98(1-2):29-34.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27007136
  22. Sabina EP, Peter S J, S P, Geetha A. A comparison of hepatoprotective activity of Bacoside to Silymarin treatment against a combined Isoniazid and Rifampin-induced hepatotoxicity in female Wistar rats. J Histotechnol. 2019 Sep;42(3):128-136. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31379302/
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