חלק הצמח | איכויות | רכיבים פעילים | פעילות רפואית | התוויות | מינונים | רגישות | תופעות לוואי |
מינון יתר | אזהרות | התוויות נגד | רעילות | אינטראקציות | הריון | הנקה | מקורות
שמו הבוטני המלא של הצמח הוא Matricaria (Chamomilla) recutita
ריחו של הקמומיל הזכיר ליוונים הקדמונים ריח של תפוח-עץ, לכן הם כינו את הצמח "תפוח-על-האדמה" (kamai-melon), או "קמומיל".
בגרְמניה מתייחסים אל הקמומיל כאל צמח "כל יכול" ("alles zustraut"), והוא אף זכה בתואר "צמח השנה" בשנת 1987.
קמומיל הינו צמח עשבוני חד-שנתי ומוצאו בדרום ומזרח אירופה ובצפון ומערב אסיה.
קמומיל הינו צמח עדין ביותר ובטיחותי לשימוש לתקופות ארוכות גם בילדים ותינוקות.
קמומיל מותר לשיווק בישראל.

*ידועים שני מינים של קמומיל המשמשים ברפואה: קחוון (Chamaemelum nobile) וקמומיל (Matricaria recutita).
חלק הצמח בשימוש
פרחים.
איכויות
טמפרטורה: קריר.
לחות: יבשושי.
טעם: מתקתק, מעט מריר, ארומטי.
רכיבים פעילים עיקריים
פלבנואידים (אפיגנין, אפיגנין-7-O-גלוקוזיד, קוורצטין, פאטולטין, לוטאולין, לוטאולין-7-O-גלוקוזיד), פוליפֵנולים (חומצה קפאית, חומצה כלורוגנית), טרפנואידים (ביזאבולול, כמאזולן, פארנסן), קומרינים, רירית (עד 10%), שמן נדיף (0.24–2%), פוליסכרידים.
פעילות רפואית
מרגיע, מפיג גזים (קרמינטיבי), נוגד דלקת, נועד עווית, משקם רקמות, נוגד גרד, נוגד קרישה.
התוויות
דלקת קיבה, כיב פפטי, תסמונת המעי הרגיש, כאבי בטן עוויתיים, גזים, דיספפסיה, שלשול.
מינונים
תמצית נוזלית בריכוז 1:3, 45% אלכוהול – 4-10 מ"ל ביום.
חליטה – 6-15 גרם ביום.
בפורמולה – 20%-30%.
רגישות
קמומיל שייך למשפחת המורכבים. יש לנקוט זהירות בטיפול באנשים בעלי רגישות או אלרגיה ידועה ל למידע השלם למנויים
תופעות לוואי
סקירה שיטתית ומטא אנליזה(11) של 12 מחקרים קלינים אקראיים ומבוקרים שנערכו בקרב 965 נבדקים אשר בחנה את יעילות ובטיחות קמומיל* בטיפול בחרדה ובהשפעה על איכות השינה מצאה כי בכל המחקרים קמומיל היה בטוח לשימוש, אולם למידע השלם למנויים
מינון יתר:
לא ידוע על מינון יתר.
אזהרות וצעדי מנע
יש לנקוט זהירות בעת טיפול באנשים עם רגישות ידועה לצמחים ממשפחת המורכבים.
לפי סקירה (158), עקב הסיכון המוגבר למידע השלם למנויים
התוויות נגד
לא ידועות התוויות נגד.
רעילות
לא נצפתה רעילות בשימוש בקמומיל במינונים רפואיים מקובלים (1). בנוסף למידע השלם למנויים
תגובות הדדיות עם תרופות / צמחי מרפא / תוספי תזונה
השפעה על חילוף חומרים תרופתי
השפּעת קמומיל על אנזימי שלב I ושלב II של חילוף חומרים אינה ברורה.
על פי סקירות (39,41) ודיווח מקרה יחיד (40), צריכת קמומיל, במיוחד במינונים למידע השלם למנויים
תרופות לדיכוי חיסוני (Cyclosporine)
יש לנקוט זהירות.
על פי סקירות(39,41) ודיווח מקרה(40), צריכת קמומיל, במיוחד מינונים למידע השלם למנויים
תרופות נוגדות קרישה (Warfarin)
אין מניעה לשלב אך יש לנקוט זהירות.
קיים חשש להגברת פעילות התרופות. במקרה וקיים צורך לשלב בין קמומיל לתרופות אלו, רצוי למידע השלם למנויים
תרופות נוגדות חרַדה (בנזודיאזפנים)
אין מניעה לשלב אך יש לנקוט זהירות.
למרות שאין מחקרים קליניים הבודקים שילוב של קמומיל עם תרופות נוגדות למידע השלם למנויים
נוגדי דִיכאון
אין מניעה לשלב, והשילוב אף עשוי להיות מומלץ.
מחקרים קליניים (152,153) מצביעים על כך ששתיית חליטה צמחית המכילה למידע השלם למנויים
תרופות להורדת לחץ דם
אין מניעה לשלב אך יש לנקוט זהירות.
מומלץ לנטר את ערכי לחץ הדם ולהתאים את מינוני התרופות בהתאם לצורך.
למרות שאין מחקרים קליניים הבוחנים שילוב של קמומיל עם תרופות להורדת למידע השלם למנויים
תרופות הרדמה
אין מניעה לשלב אך יש לנקוט זהירות.
למרות שאין מחקרים קליניים הבודקים שילוב של קמומיל עם למידע השלם למנויים
תרופות להסדרת קצב לב
אין מניעה לשלב אך יש לנקוט זהירות.
יש לנטר את קצב הלב ולהתאים את מינוני למידע השלם למנויים
תרופות להורדת רמות סוכר
אין מניעה לשלב.
למרות שאין עדות לכך שהשילוב עלול לגרום להיפוגליקמיה, ניטור למידע השלם למנויים
תרופות נוגדות בחילה והקאה
השילוב אפשרי.
במחקר קליני(64), טיפול בקמומיל למשך 1-4 חודשים למידע השלם למנויים
התרופה Nitazoxanide
אין מניעה לשלב, והשילוב אף עשוי להיות מומלץ.
במחקר מעבדתי (129), נמצא כי שילוב של פוליסכרידים מחליטת למידע השלם למנויים
נוגדות צימות טסיות
אין מניעה לשלב אך יש לנקוט זהירות.
בעת שילוב קמומיל עם תרופות נוגדות למידע השלם למנויים
כימותרפיה כללית
אין מניעה לשלב, והשילוב אף עשוי להיות מומלץ.
למרות שאין ראיות קליניות ישירות לגבי תרופה זו, על פי סקירות שיטתיות (57,58,125,168) וסקירות למידע השלם למנויים
רדיותרפיה
אין מניעה לשלב, והשילוב אף עשוי להיות מומלץ.
השימוש החיצוני בקמומיל עשוי להיות יעיל בטיפול בדלקת ריריות למידע השלם למנויים
הפחתת שומנים בדם
אין מניעה לשלב, והשילוב אף עשוי להיות מומלץ.
לא קיימים מחקרים קליניים שבחנו את השילוב בין למידע השלם למנויים
תרופות נוגדות דלקת שאינן סטרואידיות (Non-selective NSAIDS)
Indomethacin, Nabumetone, Ketorolac, Tolmetin, Piroxicam, Fenoprofen, Diclofenac, Sulindac, Flurbiprofen, Etodolac, Mefenamic acid.
אין מניעה לשלב אך יש לנקוט זהירות.
בעת שילוב קמומיל עם תרופות נוגדות דלקת שאינן סטרואידיות למידע השלם למנויים
אופיואידים
אין מניעה לשלב.
אינטראקציה זו מתייחסת לשימוש חיצוני (מי פה) של קמומיל.
לקמומיל השפעות משככות כאבים ואנטי דלקתיות למידע השלם למנויים
טיפול בטרשת נפוצה
אין מניעה לשלב.
מחקר חתך (167) שנערך בקרב 150 מטופלים עם טרשת למידע השלם למנויים
תוספי ברְזל
יש לנקוט זהירות.
קיימות עדויות סותרות לגבי השפעה של קמומיל על ספיגת ברזל.
עד לבירור הסוגיה, מומלץ לנקוט זהירות וליטול למידע השלם למנויים
זעפרן
השילוב אפשרי ואף עשוי להיות מומלץ.
בשני מחקרים קליניים (152,153) שנערכו בקרב מטופלים למידע השלם למנויים
הריון
קמומיל ככל הנראה אינו מתאים לשימוש בהריון.
קיימת מחלוקת בספרות המקצועית, בעוד מקורות שונים למידע השלם למנויים
הנקה
ניתן להשתמש בקמומיל בתקופת ההנקה (1).
תיאור מקרה (127) מדווח על אישה למידע השלם למנויים
מקורות
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